Maternal effects on offspring growth indicate post-weaning juvenile dependence in chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus )

Table 1 ‘Effects of maternal presence’ model results: effects of maternal presence on creatinine levels (log-transformed)

Term	Reference category	Estimate	SE	95% CI	Chisq^*	P
Intercept		−0.281	0.071	−0.430, − 0.144	–	–
Test predictors
Age ^a		0.134	0.044	0.037, 0.227	–	–
Sex (Male)	Female	0.100	0.047	0.001, 0.191	–	–
Age ^a: Sex (Male)	Female	0.162	0.047	0.092, 0.272	10.510	0.001
orphan (Yes)	No	−0.122	0.046	− 0.220, − 0.027	6.376	0.012
Control predictors
SG^b		0.690	0.024	0.641, 0.740	131.566	< 0.001
North group	East group	−0.104	0.081	−0.263, 0.060	4.129	0.127
South group	East group	0.047	0.073	−0.110, 0.195	4.129	0.127
Sine Julian date		0.053	0.030	−0.006, 0.117	27.019	< 0.001
Cosine Julian date		0.186	0.031	0.120, 0.250	27.019	< 0.001

Statistically significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) appear in bold and coded level of factors in parenthesis
^a-bz-transformed, mean ± SD of the original variable: ^a 9.61 ± 3.26 years, ^b1.02 ± 0.01
^*df = 1 except for Group, where df = 2

ISSN: 1742-9994