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  1. The detailed interpretation of mass phenomena such as human escape panic or swarm behaviour in birds, fish and insects requires detailed analysis of the 3D movements of individual participants. Here, we descri...

    Authors: Gerald Kastberger, Michael Maurer, Frank Weihmann, Matthias Ruether, Thomas Hoetzl, Ilse Kranner and Horst Bischof

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2011 8:3

    Content type: Methodology

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  5. Invertebrate nervous systems are highly disparate between different taxa. This is reflected in the terminology used to describe them, which is very rich and often confusing. Even very general terms such as 'br...

    Authors: Stefan Richter, Rudi Loesel, Günter Purschke, Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa, Gerhard Scholtz, Thomas Stach, Lars Vogt, Andreas Wanninger, Georg Brenneis, Carmen Döring, Simone Faller, Martin Fritsch, Peter Grobe, Carsten M Heuer, Sabrina Kaul, Ole S Møller…

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:29

    Content type: Debate

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  6. Mating plugs that males place onto the female genital tract are generally assumed to prevent remating with other males. Mating plugs are usually explained as a consequence of male-male competition in multiply ...

    Authors: Nadine Timmermeyer, Tobias Gerlach, Christian Guempel, Johanna Knoche, Jens F Pfann, Daniel Schliessmann and Nico K Michiels

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:28

    Content type: Research

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  7. Intra-specific competition occurs in all animal species and can lead to escalated conflict. Overt fighting entails the risk of injury or death, and is usually avoided through the use of conventions or pre-figh...

    Authors: Adam L Cronin and Thibaud Monnin

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:27

    Content type: Short report

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  8. The identification of vast numbers of unknown organisms using DNA sequences becomes more and more important in ecological and biodiversity studies. In this context, a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c ox...

    Authors: Michael J Raupach, Jonas J Astrin, Karsten Hannig, Marcell K Peters, Mark Y Stoeckle and Johann-Wolfgang Wägele

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:26

    Content type: Research

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  9. Several lineages within the Crustacea conquered land independently during evolution, thereby requiring physiological adaptations for a semi-terrestrial or even a fully terrestrial lifestyle. Birgus latro Linnaeus...

    Authors: Jakob Krieger, Renate E Sandeman, David C Sandeman, Bill S Hansson and Steffen Harzsch

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:25

    Content type: Research

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  10. European robins, Erithacus rubecula, show two types of directional responses to the magnetic field: (1) compass orientation that is based on radical pair processes and lateralized in favor of the right eye and (2...

    Authors: Roswitha Wiltschko, Dennis Gehring, Susanne Denzau, Onur Güntürkün and Wolfgang Wiltschko

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:24

    Content type: Research

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  12. In free-living flatworms somatic differentiated cells do not divide, and a separate population of stem cells (called neoblasts) is responsible for cell proliferation and renewal. In cestodes, there is evidence...

    Authors: Uriel Koziol, María F Domínguez, Mónica Marín, Alejandra Kun and Estela Castillo

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:22

    Content type: Research

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  13. Theria (marsupials and placental mammals) are characterized by a highly mobile pectoral girdle in which the scapula has been shown to be an important propulsive element during locomotion. Shoulder function and...

    Authors: John A Nyakatura and Martin S Fischer

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:21

    Content type: Research

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  16. In social insects, the queen is essential to the functioning and homeostasis of the colony. This influence has been demonstrated to be mediated through pheromone communication. However, the only social insect ...

    Authors: Alban Maisonnasse, Cédric Alaux, Dominique Beslay, Didier Crauser, Christian Gines, Erika Plettner and Yves Le Conte

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:18

    Content type: Research

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  17. Members of Family Nereididae have complex neural morphology exemplary of errant polychaetes and are leading research models in the investigation of annelid nervous systems. However, few studies focus on the de...

    Authors: Christopher J Winchell, Jonathan E Valencia and David K Jacobs

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:17

    Content type: Research

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  18. Taxonomy is the biological discipline that identifies, describes, classifies and names extant and extinct species and other taxa. Nowadays, species taxonomy is confronted with the challenge to fully incorporat...

    Authors: José M Padial, Aurélien Miralles, Ignacio De la Riva and Miguel Vences

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:16

    Content type: Review

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  19. During the non-breeding period, many birds migrate to milder areas, found closer to the equator than their breeding sites. Opposite movements are very rare. In the Southern Ocean, the abundance of 13C declines ma...

    Authors: Petra Quillfeldt, Juan F Masello, Rona AR McGill, Mark Adams and Robert W Furness

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:15

    Content type: Research

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  20. The allosteric respiratory protein hemocyanin occurs in gastropods as tubular di-, tri- and multimers of a 35 × 18 nm, ring-like decamer with a collar complex at one opening. The decamer comprises five subunit...

    Authors: Bernhard Lieb, Wolfgang Gebauer, Christos Gatsogiannis, Frank Depoix, Nadja Hellmann, Myroslaw G Harasewych, Ellen E Strong and Jürgen Markl

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:14

    Content type: Research

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  21. Paired mushroom bodies, an unpaired central complex, and bilaterally arranged clusters of olfactory glomeruli are among the most distinctive components of arthropod neuroarchitecture. Mushroom body neuropils, ...

    Authors: Carsten M Heuer, Carsten HG Müller, Christiane Todt and Rudi Loesel

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:13

    Content type: Research

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  22. Planktonic life history stages of spiralians share some muscular, nervous and ciliary system characters in common. The distribution of these characters is patchy and can be interpreted either as the result of ...

    Authors: Kate A Rawlinson

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:12

    Content type: Research

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  23. Sodium is critical for many physiological functions in insects. Herbivorous insects should expend considerable energy to compensate for sodium deficiency due to low sodium concentration in most inland plants u...

    Authors: Kai Xiao, Ke Shen, Jian-Feng Zhong and Guo-Qing Li

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:11

    Content type: Research

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  24. Methods of alignment masking, which refers to the technique of excluding alignment blocks prior to tree reconstructions, have been successful in improving the signal-to-noise ratio in sequence alignments. Howe...

    Authors: Patrick Kück, Karen Meusemann, Johannes Dambach, Birthe Thormann, Björn M von Reumont, Johann W Wägele and Bernhard Misof

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:10

    Content type: Methodology

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  26. Visual acuity, the ability of the visual system to distinguish two separate objects at a given angular distance, is influenced by the optical and neuronal properties of the visual system. Although many factors...

    Authors: Marion F Haug, Oliver Biehlmaier, Kaspar P Mueller and Stephan CF Neuhauss

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:8

    Content type: Research

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  28. The phylogenetic status of the aplacophoran mollusk taxon Solenogastres (Neomeniomorpha) is controversially discussed. Some authors propose the clade to represent the most basal branch within Mollusca, while o...

    Authors: Christiane Todt and Andreas Wanninger

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:6

    Content type: Research

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  30. With about 120 colour morphs currently assigned to six nominal species, the genus Tropheus is an ideal model to study evolutionary divergence of populations in allopatry. The morphology of Tropheus has been descr...

    Authors: Juergen Herler, Michaela Kerschbaumer, Philipp Mitteroecker, Lisbeth Postl and Christian Sturmbauer

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:4

    Content type: Research

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  31. The foraging behavior of blood-sucking arthropods is the defining biological event shaping the transmission cycle of vector-borne parasites. It is also a phenomenon that pertains to the realm of community ecol...

    Authors: Luis F Chaves, Laura C Harrington, Carolyn L Keogh, Andy M Nguyen and Uriel D Kitron

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:3

    Content type: Research

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  32. The insecticides dichlorvos, paradichlorobenzene and naphthalene have been commonly used to eradicate pest insects from natural history collections. However, it is not known how these chemicals affect the DNA ...

    Authors: Marianne Espeland, Martin Irestedt, Kjell Arne Johanson, Monika Åkerlund, Jan-Erik Bergh and Mari Källersjö

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:2

    Content type: Methodology

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  33. Parental care often increases offspring survival, but is costly to the parents. A trade-off between the cost and benefit of care is expected, so that when care provisioning by both parents is essential for the...

    Authors: Monif AlRashidi, András Kosztolányi, Clemens Küpper, Innes C Cuthill, Salim Javed and Tamás Székely

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2010 7:1

    Content type: Research

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  34. The Recombination Activating Proteins, RAG1 and RAG2, play a crucial role in the immune response in vertebrates. Among the nuclear markers currently used for phylogenetic purposes, Rag1 has especially enjoyed eno...

    Authors: Ylenia Chiari, Arie van der Meijden, Ole Madsen, Miguel Vences and Axel Meyer

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:32

    Content type: Research

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  36. This study reports progress in assembling a DNA barcode reference library for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera ("EPTs") from a Canadian subarctic site, which is the focus of a comprehensive biodivers...

    Authors: Xin Zhou, Sarah J Adamowicz, Luke M Jacobus, R Edward DeWalt and Paul DN Hebert

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:30

    Content type: Research

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  37. The Palearctic region supports relatively few avian species, yet recent molecular studies have revealed that cryptic lineages likely still persist unrecognized. A broad survey of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequ...

    Authors: Kevin CR Kerr, Sharon M Birks, Mikhail V Kalyakin, Yaroslav A Red'kin, Eugeny A Koblik and Paul DN Hebert

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:29

    Content type: Research

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  38. Among metazoans, retention of functional diet-derived chloroplasts (kleptoplasty) is known only from the sea slug taxon Sacoglossa (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). Intracellular maintenance of plastids in the sl...

    Authors: Katharina Händeler, Yvonne P Grzymbowski, Patrick J Krug and Heike Wägele

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:28

    Content type: Research

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  40. The invasive Chondrostoma nasus nasus has colonized part of the distribution area of the protected endemic species Chondrostoma toxostoma toxostoma. This hybrid zone is a complex system where multiple effects suc...

    Authors: Emmanuel Corse, Caroline Costedoat, Nicolas Pech, Rémi Chappaz, Jonathan Grey and André Gilles

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:26

    Content type: Research

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  41. Zebra finches can be trained to use the geomagnetic field as a directional cue for short distance orientation. The physical mechanisms underlying the primary processes of magnetoreception are, however, largely...

    Authors: Nina Keary, Tim Ruploh, Joe Voss, Peter Thalau, Roswitha Wiltschko, Wolfgang Wiltschko and Hans-Joachim Bischof

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:25

    Content type: Research

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  43. When mating effort (e.g. via ejaculates) is high, males are expected to strategically allocate their resources depending on the expected fitness gains from a given mating opportunity. One mechanism to achieve ...

    Authors: Ines K Häderer, Johanna Werminghausen, Nico K Michiels, Nadine Timmermeyer and Nils Anthes

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:23

    Content type: Research

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  45. Electric fish navigate and explore their dark and turbid environment with a specialised electric sense. This active electrolocation involves the generation and perception of an electric signal and fish have pr...

    Authors: Jacob Engelmann, Sabine Nöbel, Timo Röver and Gerhard von der Emde

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:21

    Content type: Research

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  46. Mesopsammic acochlidians are small, and organ complexity may be strongly reduced (regressive evolution by progenesis), especially in microhedylacean species. The marine interstitial hedylopsacean Pseudunela cornu...

    Authors: Timea P Neusser, Martin Heß and Michael Schrödl

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:20

    Content type: Research

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  47. Primary agametic-asexual reproduction mechanisms such as budding and fission are present in all non-bilaterian and many bilaterian animal taxa and are likely to be metazoan ground pattern characters. Cnidarian...

    Authors: Jörg U Hammel, Julia Herzen, Felix Beckmann and Michael Nickel

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:19

    Content type: Research

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  49. Multidirectional interactions in social networks can have a profound effect on mate choice behavior; e.g., Poecilia mexicana males show weaker expression of mating preferences when being observed by a rival. This...

    Authors: Madlen Ziege, Kristin Mahlow, Carmen Hennige-Schulz, Claudia Kronmarck, Ralph Tiedemann, Bruno Streit and Martin Plath

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:17

    Content type: Research

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  50. In order to understand the role of herbivores in trophic webs, it is essential to know what they feed on. Diet analysis is, however, a challenge in many small herbivores with a secretive life style. In this pa...

    Authors: Eeva M Soininen, Alice Valentini, Eric Coissac, Christian Miquel, Ludovic Gielly, Christian Brochmann, Anne K Brysting, Jørn H Sønstebø, Rolf A Ims, Nigel G Yoccoz and Pierre Taberlet

    Citation: Frontiers in Zoology 2009 6:16

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

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  • ISSN: 1742-9994 (electronic)

Frontiers in Zoology

ISSN: 1742-9994